RAMANUJAN

Born	22 December 1887(1887-12-22) Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
Died	26 April 1920 (aged 32) Chetput, (Madras), Tamil Nadu, India
Residence	Tamil Nadu, India
Fields	Mathematician
Alma mater	Trinity College, Cambridge
Academic advisors	G. H. Hardy and J. E. Littlewood
Known for	Landau-Ramanujan constant Mock theta functions Ramanujan prime Ramanujan-Soldner constant Ramanujan theta function Ramanujan's sum Rogers-Ramanujan identities
Religious stance	Hindu

SRINIVASA RAMANUJAN

SRINIVASA RAMANUJAN
Born: December 22, 1887
Died: April 26, 1920
Achievements: Ramanujan independently discovered results of Gauss, Kummer and others on hypergeometric series. Ramanujan's own work on partial sums and products of hypergeometric series have led to major development in the topic. His most famous work was on the number p(n) of partitions of an integer n into summands.
Srinivasa Ramanujan was a mathematician par excellence. He is widely believed to be the greatest mathematician of the 20th Century. Srinivasa Ramanujan made significant contribution to the analytical theory of numbers and worked on elliptic functions, continued fractions, and infinite series.
Srinivasa Aiyangar Ramanujan was born on December 22, 1887 in Erode, Tamil Nadu. His father worked in Kumbakonam as a clerk in a cloth merchant's shop. At the of five Ramanujan went to primary school in Kumbakonam. In 1898 at age 10, he entered the Town High School in Kumbakonam. At the age of eleven he was lent books on advanced trigonometry written by S. L. Loney by two lodgers at his home who studied at the Government college. He mastered them by the age of thirteen. Ramanujan was a bright student, winning academic prizes in high school.
At age of 16 his life took a decisive turn after he obtained a book titled" A Synopsis of Elementary Results in Pure and Applied Mathematics". The book was simply a compilation of thousands of mathematical results, most set down with little or no indication of proof. The book generated Ramanujan's interest in mathematics and he worked through the book's results and beyond. By 1904 Ramanujan had begun to undertake deep research. He investigated the series (1/n) and calculated Euler's constant to 15 decimal places. He began to study the Bernoulli numbers, although this was entirely his own independent discovery. He was given a scholarship to the Government College in Kumbakonam which he entered in 1904. But he neglected his other subjects at the cost of mathematics and failed in college examination. He dropped out of the college.

Ramanujan lived off the charity of friends, filling notebooks with mathematical discoveries and seeking patrons to support his work. In 1906 Ramanujan went to Madras where he entered Pachaiyappa's College. His aim was to pass the First Arts examination which would allow him to be admitted to the University of Madras. Continuing his mathematical work Ramanujan studied continued fractions and divergent series in 1908. At this stage he became seriously ill again and underwent an operation in April 1909 after which he took him some considerable time to recover.

On 14 July 1909 Ramanujan marry a ten year old girl S Janaki Ammal. During this period Ramanujan had his first paper published, a 17-page work on Bernoulli numbers that appeared in 1911 in the Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society. In 191,1 Ramanujan approached the founder of the Indian Mathematical Society for advice on a job. He got the job of clerk at the Madras Port Trust with the help of Indian mathematician Ramachandra Rao.

The professor of civil engineering at the Madras Engineering College C L T Griffith was interested in Ramanujan's abilities and, having been educated at University College London, knew the professor of mathematics there, namely M J M Hill. He wrote to Hill on 12 November 1912 sending some of Ramanujan's work and a copy of his 1911 paper on Bernoulli numbers. Hill replied in a fairly encouraging way but showed that he had failed to understand Ramanujan's results on divergent series. In January 1913 Ramanujan wrote to G H Hardy having seen a copy of his 1910 book Orders of infinity. Hardy, together with Littlewood, studied the long list of unproved theorems which Ramanujan enclosed with his letter. Hardy wrote back to Ramanujan and evinced interest in his work.
University of Madras gave Ramanujan a scholarship in May 1913 for two years and, in 1914, Hardy brought Ramanujan to Trinity College, Cambridge, to begin an extraordinary collaboration. Right from the start Ramanujan's collaboration with Hardy led to important results. In a joint paper with Hardy, Ramanujan gave an asymptotic formula for p(n). It had the remarkable property that it appeared to give the correct value of p(n), and this was later proved by Rademacher.

Ramanujan had problems settling in London. He was an orthodox Brahmin and right from the beginning he had problems with his diet. The outbreak of World War I made obtaining special items of food harder and it was not long before Ramanujan had health problems.

On 16 March 1916 Ramanujan graduated from Cambridge with a Bachelor of Science by Research. He had been allowed to enrol in June 1914 despite not having the proper qualifications. Ramanujan's dissertation was on Highly composite numbers and consisted of seven of his papers published in England.

Ramanujan fell seriously ill in 1917 and his doctors feared that he would die. He did improve a little by September but spent most of his time in various nursing homes. On February 18, 1918 Ramanujan was elected a fellow of the Cambridge Philosophical Society and later he was also elected as a fellow of the Royal Society of London. By the end of November 1918 Ramanujan's health had greatly improved.

Ramanujan sailed to India on 27 February 1919 arriving on 13 March. However his health was very poor and, despite medical treatment, he died on April 6, 1920.

VEMANA PADYALU

Vemana was a Telugu poet. He composed numerous poems in Telugu in Aata Veladhi metre which consists of four lines; the fourth line, with some exceptions, is the refrain or chorus Viswadabhirama Vinura Vema. Vemana's style is simple, his poems deal with social problems and sometimes propose solutions too. With the zeal of a social reformer, many of his poems criticise and strive to give fresh perspective to ardent followers of old, embedded traditions. Vemana is often portrayed in the nude. Vemana was a Telugu poet. He composed numerous poems in Telugu in Aata Veladhi metre which consists of four lines; the fourth line, with some exceptions, is the refrain or chorus Viswadabhirama Vinura Vema. Vemana's style is simple, his poems deal with social problems and sometimes propose solutions too. With the zeal of a social reformer, many of his poems criticise and strive to give fresh perspective to ardent followers of old, embedded traditions. Vemana is often portrayed in the nude.

Uppu Kappurambu nokka polika nundu

Chooda chooda ruchulu jaada veru

Purushulandu Punya purushulu veraya

Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinura Vema

Salt and camphor look alike

With familiarity, the paths of their taste is different

Among men, virtuous people stand apart

Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!

Gangi govu paalu garitadainanu chaalu

Kadivedainanemi kharamu paalu

Bhakti kalugu koodu pattedainanu chaalu

Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinura Vema

A ladleful of a Sacred cow's milk is enough

Of what worth is even a potful of donkey's milk

Even a little food given with respect is sumptuous

Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!

Atmasuddhi leni acharamadi ela

Bhandasuddhi leni pakamadi ela

Chittasuddi leni sivpujalelara

Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinura Vema

What is the purpose of custom sans inner purity?

What is the purpose of cooking sans cleanliness of vessels?

What is the purpose of worship of Shiva sans purity of mind?

Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!

Alpudeppudu palku adamburamu ganu

Sajjanundu palku challaganu

Kanchu moginatlu kanakammu mroguna

Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinura Vema

A mean(low) person always speaks pompously

A good person speaks softly

Does gold reverberate the way brass does?

Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!

Anagananaga raga matisayilluchunundu

thinaga thinaga vemu tiyyanundu

sadhanamuna panulu samakuru dharalona

Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinura Vema

As you sing (again and again), the melody (raga) excels

As you eat Neem (again and again) , it becomes sweeter

With practice, things become perfect

Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!

Anuvu gani chota Nadhikulamanaradu

Kochmayina nadiyu kodava gadu

konda addamandu knochami undada

Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinura Vema

Translation: When it is not your place or time, do not try to dominate. Hill looks like small in a mirror, but its much bigger.

Apadiana velanarasi bandhula judu

bhayamuvela judu bantu tanamu

Pedavela judu pendlamu gunamu

Viswadhaabhuraama, Vinura Vema

In times of distress, observe the attitude of relatives

In times of fear, observe the behaviour of the army

In times of poverty, observe the nature of the wife

Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!

Chippalonabadda chinuku mutyambayye

nitabadda chinuku nita galise

Brapti galugu chota phalamela tappura

Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinura Vema

The rain drop that fell in the shell became a pearl

The one that fell in water merged with water

If something is yours, you sure get it.

Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!

Veshabhashalerigi Kashayavastramul

gattagane mukti galugabodhu

talalu bodulina talapulu bodula

Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinrua Vema

Knowing external behaviour and language, wearing saffron (renunciate) clothes

That does not lead to mukti (liberation)

Shaving of head (of a renunciate, widow etc) does not shave (unwanted) thoughts

Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!

Cheppulona rayi chevilona joriga

kantilona nalusu kali mullu

intilona poru intinta gadaya

Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinura Vema

A stone in shoe, a fly near ear

Pollen in eye, a thorn in foot

A quarrel in the house, are unbearable(painful)

Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!

Tappulennuvaru Tandopatandambu

Lurvi janulakella nundu tappu

Tappu lennuvaru tamatappu lerugaru

Viswadhaabhiraama, Vinura Vema

There are many that find faults (with others)

Every one in the world has faults

The people who count faults do not know their own faults

Beloved of the Bounteous, Vema, listen!

Inumu virigeneni irumaaru mummaaru

kaachi yatakavachu kramamu gaanu

manasu virigeneni mari chercharaadaya

Viswadaabhiraama, Vinura Vema

Iron, if broken, can be joined together, twice or thrice

but heart once broken can never be put together again

A.R.Rehman,music legend.

Allah Rakha Rehman born January 6th,1966 in Chennai,India is an Indian film composer,record producer,musician and singer.He was born to tamil Hindu family.His father R.K.Sekhar , was a composer and conductor for Malayalam films.He lost his father when he was 9 years old, and his family rented out musical equipment as a source of income. He converted to Islam from Hinduism in1989 along with his sisters by changing his name A.S.Dileep Kumar to A.R.Rehman.
He began his early training in music under Master Dhanraj. At the age of 11, he joined as a keyboardist,the troope of Ilaiyaraja,one of many composers to whom musical instruments belonging to Rehman`s father was rented. Rehman later played in the orchestra of M.S.viswanatham and Ramesh Naidu, accompanied Zakir Hussain,Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan and L.Shankar on world tours and obtained a scholarship to the Trinity college,Oxford where he graduated with a degree in Western Classical music.
He is married to Saira Bhanu and has three children Khadijah,Rahima and Aman.Rehman is the uncle of composer G.V.Prakash Kumar,who is the son of Rehman`s elder sister A.r.Reihana.